-ensis
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Latin[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Unknown. Various theories have been put forward:
- Hermann Gähwiler (1962), building on a suggestion by Manu Leumann, proposes a borrowing from Etruscan on the basis that its earliest attested non-toponymic use is in the term ātriēnsis, and the Roman ātrium was an Etruscan import.[1] A similar suffix is attested in Etruscan patronymics.[2]
- Paavo Castrén (1981) rejects the relevance of ātriēnsis, viewing it as a later development. On the basis of various ancient, then-extinct peoples of Latium with names in -ēnsēs mentioned by Pliny the Elder, Castrén situates the emergence of the suffix in the late Proto-Villanovan period, perhaps as a borrowing from another Italic language.[3]
- Chantal Kircher-Durand (1983) suggests a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *-went-ti (< *-wénts, *-tis),[4] but considers Gähwiler’s thesis plausible.[2]
- A. Zimmermann (1921) suggests a lost cognate of Ancient Greek ἐνς (ens), variant of εἰς (eis) (< Proto-Indo-European *h₁én) + -ī.[2]
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈen.sis/, [ˈẽːs̠ɪs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈen.sis/, [ˈɛnsis]
Suffix[edit]
-ēnsis (neuter -ēnse); third-declension two-termination suffix
- Of or from [a place].
Usage notes[edit]
The suffix -ēnsis is added to a toponym (especially the name of a town) or to a topographical name, in order to form an adjective.
- Examples:
- Eborācum (“York”) + -ēnsis → eborācēnsis (“of or from York”)
- castra (“camp”) + -ēnsis → castrēnsis (“of the camp”)
Declension[edit]
Third-declension two-termination adjective.
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masc./Fem. | Neuter | Masc./Fem. | Neuter | |
| Nominative | -ēnsis | -ēnse | -ēnsēs | -ēnsia | |
| Genitive | -ēnsis | -ēnsium | |||
| Dative | -ēnsī | -ēnsibus | |||
| Accusative | -ēnsem | -ēnse | -ēnsēs -ēnsīs |
-ēnsia | |
| Ablative | -ēnsī | -ēnsibus | |||
| Vocative | -ēnsis | -ēnse | -ēnsēs | -ēnsia | |
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Gähwiler, Hermann (1962) Das lateinische Suffix -ensis (in German), pages 84–85
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Kircher-Durand, Chantal (2002) “Les dérivés en -ensis”, in Chantal Kircher-Durand, editor, Grammaire fondamentale du latin (in French), volume 9, Création lexicale: la formation des noms par dérivation suffixale, page 191
- ^ Castrén, Paavo (1981) “Von populi Albenses bis cives Campanienses. Anmerkungen zur Frühgeschichte des lateinischen Suffixes -ensis”, in Arctos: Acta Philologica Fennica[1] (in German), volume 15, pages 9–12
- ^ Kircher-Durand, Chantal (1983) “Les noms latins en -ensis”, in Documents LAMA (in French), volume 8, Centre de recherches comparatives sur les langues de la Méditerranée ancienne, pages 248–51
Categories:
- Latin terms with unknown etymologies
- Latin terms borrowed from Etruscan
- Latin terms derived from Etruscan
- Latin terms borrowed from Italic languages
- Latin terms derived from Italic languages
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin 2-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin suffixes
- Latin adjective-forming suffixes
- Latin third declension suffixes
- Latin third declension suffixes of two terminations